.338 Norma Magnum vs .338 Lapua: A Comprehensive Comparison
The world of long-range shooting and hunting is filled with choices, and selecting the right cartridge is paramount. Two of the most prominent contenders in the .338 caliber are the .338 Norma Magnum and the .338 Lapua Magnum. Both cartridges offer exceptional performance at extended distances, making them popular among military snipers, competitive shooters, and big-game hunters. This article aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of the .338 Norma Magnum vs .338 Lapua, examining their history, ballistics, performance, and practical applications to help you make an informed decision.
History and Development
Understanding the origins of each cartridge provides valuable context for their design and intended use.
.338 Lapua Magnum
The .338 Lapua Magnum was developed in the 1980s as a joint venture between Lapua and the Finnish Defence Forces. The primary goal was to create a cartridge that could deliver superior long-range performance compared to existing military rounds like the .300 Winchester Magnum and the .50 BMG. The .338 Lapua was designed to offer a flatter trajectory, higher energy retention, and better resistance to wind drift, ultimately improving hit probability at distances exceeding 1,000 meters. Its success led to widespread adoption by military and law enforcement agencies worldwide.
.338 Norma Magnum
The .338 Norma Magnum is a more recent development, introduced by Norma Precision in 2008. Inspired by the performance of the .338 Lapua Magnum but seeking to improve upon certain aspects, the .338 Norma Magnum was designed with a shorter case and a larger case head. This design allows for the use of longer, heavier bullets with higher ballistic coefficients while still fitting in standard long-action rifles. The cartridge quickly gained popularity among competitive shooters and hunters seeking extreme long-range capabilities.
Cartridge Dimensions and Design
A closer look at the physical characteristics of each cartridge reveals key differences.
.338 Lapua Magnum
The .338 Lapua Magnum features a long, belted case with a rebated rim. Its overall length and case capacity are substantial, allowing for heavy powder charges and the use of bullets ranging from 250 to 300 grains. The belted case design, while traditional for magnum cartridges, can sometimes be a point of contention due to potential accuracy issues compared to non-belted designs.
.338 Norma Magnum
The .338 Norma Magnum utilizes a shorter, non-belted case with a larger case head. This design allows for better feeding and extraction reliability in some rifle platforms. The shorter case length also enables the use of longer, higher-BC bullets without exceeding the overall length constraints of standard long-action magazines. The non-belted design is generally favored for its potential to enhance accuracy.
Ballistic Performance
Ballistics are critical when comparing these two cartridges. Let’s examine velocity, energy, and trajectory.
Velocity and Energy
Both the .338 Lapua and the .338 Norma Magnum deliver impressive velocities and energy levels. Typically, a 300-grain bullet fired from a .338 Lapua Magnum will achieve muzzle velocities around 2700-2800 fps, generating over 5000 ft-lbs of energy. The .338 Norma Magnum, with similar bullet weights, can achieve slightly higher velocities due to its optimized case design, often reaching 2800-2900 fps, resulting in comparable or slightly higher energy levels. The specific performance will vary depending on the load and barrel length.
Trajectory
The flatter trajectory of the .338 Norma Magnum is one of its key advantages. The higher velocities it achieves with similar bullet weights translate to less bullet drop at extended ranges. This makes it easier to make accurate shots without requiring extreme elevation adjustments. The .338 Lapua Magnum also offers a relatively flat trajectory, but it generally requires slightly more compensation for bullet drop at longer distances. [See also: Long Range Shooting Techniques]
Wind Drift
Both cartridges are relatively resistant to wind drift due to their high ballistic coefficients. However, the higher velocity of the .338 Norma Magnum can provide a slight edge in windy conditions, reducing the amount of windage correction required for accurate shots. The heavier bullets used in both cartridges help maintain stability and resist deflection from crosswinds.
Recoil
Recoil is an important consideration for shooters, especially when engaging in long-range shooting or hunting. Both the .338 Lapua and the .338 Norma Magnum produce significant recoil, but there are subtle differences.
The .338 Lapua Magnum generally produces slightly more felt recoil due to its heavier powder charges and larger case capacity. The recoil is often described as sharp and intense. The .338 Norma Magnum, while still producing substantial recoil, can feel slightly more manageable due to its optimized case design and potentially lower powder charges for certain loads. However, both cartridges are best suited for rifles equipped with effective muzzle brakes or recoil suppressors to mitigate the impact on the shooter.
Rifle Availability and Cost
The availability of rifles chambered in each cartridge and the associated costs are important factors to consider.
.338 Lapua Magnum
Rifles chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum are widely available from numerous manufacturers, including Accuracy International, Sako, Barrett, and Remington. The cartridge has been around longer, so there are more options available at various price points. However, rifles chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum tend to be more expensive than standard hunting rifles due to their specialized design and construction.
.338 Norma Magnum
The .338 Norma Magnum has gained popularity in recent years, and several manufacturers now offer rifles chambered in this cartridge. Popular brands include Seekins Precision, Christensen Arms, and Bergara. While the selection may not be as extensive as the .338 Lapua Magnum, the availability is steadily increasing. Rifles chambered in .338 Norma Magnum can sometimes be found at slightly lower price points compared to .338 Lapua Magnum rifles, but this can vary depending on the specific model and features.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
The availability and cost of ammunition are crucial considerations for any cartridge.
.338 Lapua Magnum
Ammunition for the .338 Lapua Magnum is widely available from numerous manufacturers, including Lapua, Hornady, and Federal. The cartridge has been in production for a longer time, so there is a greater variety of loads available, ranging from match-grade ammunition to hunting rounds. However, .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition is generally quite expensive, with prices ranging from $5 to $10 per round, depending on the brand and bullet type.
.338 Norma Magnum
Ammunition for the .338 Norma Magnum is becoming more readily available, but the selection is not as extensive as the .338 Lapua Magnum. Norma Precision, Hornady, and Berger offer .338 Norma Magnum ammunition. The cost of .338 Norma Magnum ammunition is typically comparable to .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition, ranging from $5 to $10 per round. [See also: Reloading for Precision]
Practical Applications
Both cartridges excel in various applications, including long-range shooting, hunting, and military/law enforcement roles.
Long-Range Shooting
Both the .338 Lapua and the .338 Norma Magnum are excellent choices for long-range shooting competitions. The flatter trajectory and higher velocity of the .338 Norma Magnum can provide a slight edge in certain situations, while the .338 Lapua Magnum offers a proven track record of performance and a wider selection of match-grade ammunition. Ultimately, the choice depends on individual preferences and the specific requirements of the competition.
Hunting
Both cartridges are capable of taking down large game animals at extended ranges. The .338 Lapua Magnum has a long history of use in hunting applications, particularly for elk, moose, and bear. The .338 Norma Magnum is also gaining popularity among hunters due to its flatter trajectory and ability to use high-BC bullets. Both cartridges deliver sufficient energy to ensure humane kills at distances exceeding 500 yards, provided the shooter has the necessary skills and experience.
Military and Law Enforcement
The .338 Lapua Magnum has been widely adopted by military and law enforcement agencies for sniper rifles. Its proven performance, reliability, and availability of specialized ammunition make it a popular choice for engaging targets at extreme ranges. The .338 Norma Magnum is also being considered by some military and law enforcement units, but it has not yet achieved the same level of widespread adoption as the .338 Lapua Magnum.
Conclusion
The .338 Norma Magnum vs .338 Lapua debate is complex, with each cartridge offering unique advantages. The .338 Lapua Magnum boasts a longer history, wider availability of rifles and ammunition, and a proven track record in military and hunting applications. The .338 Norma Magnum offers a flatter trajectory, potentially higher velocities, and a more modern case design. Ultimately, the best choice depends on your specific needs, preferences, and budget. Consider your intended use, the availability of rifles and ammunition in your area, and the level of recoil you are comfortable with before making a decision. Both cartridges are capable of delivering exceptional long-range performance, and with proper training and equipment, you can achieve impressive results with either the .338 Lapua Magnum or the .338 Norma Magnum.
