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Mossberg 590 Barrel Swap: A Comprehensive Guide for Shotgun Enthusiasts

The Mossberg 590 is renowned for its reliability and versatility, making it a favorite among shotgun owners for home defense, sport shooting, and tactical applications. One of the key features that contribute to its adaptability is the ability to swap barrels, allowing users to customize their firearm to suit specific needs. This guide provides a detailed overview of the Mossberg 590 barrel swap process, covering everything from selecting the right barrel to performing the swap safely and effectively.

Understanding the Mossberg 590 and Barrel Options

Before diving into the Mossberg 590 barrel swap, it’s crucial to understand the different barrel options available and their intended uses. Barrels for the Mossberg 590 come in various lengths, gauges, and with different choke options. The most common barrel lengths are 18.5 inches and 20 inches, primarily used for home defense and tactical purposes due to their maneuverability in tight spaces. Longer barrels, such as 28 inches, are typically preferred for hunting and sporting activities like trap and skeet shooting.

Different gauges also influence barrel choice. The 12-gauge is the most popular due to its stopping power and wide availability of ammunition. However, 20-gauge and .410 bore options exist for shooters who prefer lighter recoil or smaller frame shotguns. Furthermore, choke options, like cylinder bore, modified, and full choke, affect the shot pattern’s spread, making them suitable for different shooting distances and target types. Understanding these parameters is essential when considering a Mossberg 590 barrel swap.

Tools and Materials Needed for a Mossberg 590 Barrel Swap

Performing a Mossberg 590 barrel swap is a relatively straightforward process, but having the right tools and materials will ensure a smooth and safe operation. Here’s a list of what you’ll need:

New Barrel: Choose the barrel that matches your desired length, gauge, and choke. Ensure compatibility with your specific Mossberg 590 model.
Gunsmithing Screwdrivers: A set of gunsmithing screwdrivers is essential to avoid damaging the screws on your shotgun. These screwdrivers are designed with specific angles and thicknesses to fit firearm screws properly.
Bench Vise with Soft Jaws: A bench vise with soft jaws (made of rubber or nylon) will securely hold your shotgun without scratching or marring the finish.
Hammer (Optional): A small hammer may be needed to gently tap out stubborn pins, but use it sparingly and with caution.
Punch Set (Optional): If your model requires removing pins, a punch set will help drive them out without damaging the surrounding metal.
Gun Cleaning Supplies: Clean the shotgun after the barrel swap to remove any residue or debris.
Gun Oil: Lubricate the necessary parts after cleaning to ensure smooth operation.
Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from debris during the process.
Work Gloves: Protect your hands and provide a better grip.

Step-by-Step Guide to Performing a Mossberg 590 Barrel Swap

Follow these steps carefully to safely and effectively perform a Mossberg 590 barrel swap:

Step 1: Ensure the Firearm is Unloaded

The first and most crucial step is to ensure that your Mossberg 590 is completely unloaded. Point the shotgun in a safe direction, engage the safety, and visually inspect the chamber and magazine tube to confirm they are empty. Double-check to be absolutely certain no ammunition remains in the firearm. This step is paramount for preventing accidental discharge.

Step 2: Disassemble the Shotgun

Remove the magazine cap by twisting it counter-clockwise. Slide the forend forward, removing it from the magazine tube. Next, remove the barrel by pulling it forward from the receiver. Some models may require loosening set screws or detaching additional components. Consult your owner’s manual for specific disassembly instructions for your model. A Mossberg 590 barrel swap starts with proper disassembly.

Step 3: Inspect the New Barrel

Before installing the new barrel, inspect it for any defects, obstructions, or damage. Ensure that the chamber and bore are clean and free of debris. Check the threads for any imperfections that could prevent proper installation. A thorough inspection can prevent issues down the line and ensure the safe operation of your shotgun.

Step 4: Install the New Barrel

Carefully slide the new barrel into the receiver, aligning it properly with the magazine tube and other components. Depending on your model, you may need to tighten set screws or secure the barrel with a retaining nut. Ensure that the barrel is firmly seated and properly aligned before proceeding. Proper alignment is critical for accuracy and safe operation. This is the core of the Mossberg 590 barrel swap process.

Step 5: Reassemble the Shotgun

Slide the forend back onto the magazine tube, ensuring that it engages properly with the barrel. Reinstall the magazine cap, tightening it securely. Cycle the action several times to ensure that the shotgun functions smoothly and that the new barrel is properly integrated with the firearm. A smooth action indicates proper assembly and safe operation. The successful Mossberg 590 barrel swap culminates in a properly reassembled firearm.

Step 6: Perform a Function Check

After reassembling the shotgun, perform a function check to ensure that all components are working correctly. Check the safety, trigger, and action to verify they are functioning as intended. Load dummy rounds into the magazine and cycle them through the action to ensure proper feeding and ejection. This step is crucial for identifying any potential issues before firing live ammunition.

Safety Precautions and Considerations

Safety should always be the top priority when performing any firearm maintenance, including a Mossberg 590 barrel swap. Always follow these safety precautions:

Handle Firearms Responsibly: Treat every firearm as if it is loaded. Never point the muzzle at anything you are not willing to destroy.
Wear Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from debris.
Work in a Safe Environment: Ensure that your workspace is well-lit and free of distractions.
Consult a Gunsmith: If you are uncomfortable performing the barrel swap yourself, consult a qualified gunsmith.
Follow Manufacturer’s Instructions: Always refer to your owner’s manual for specific instructions and safety guidelines for your Mossberg 590 model.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

While the Mossberg 590 barrel swap is generally straightforward, you may encounter some common issues:

Barrel Not Seating Properly: Ensure that the barrel is properly aligned and that all retaining screws or nuts are tightened securely. Check for any obstructions or debris that may be preventing the barrel from seating correctly.
Action Not Cycling Smoothly: Check that the forend is properly engaged with the barrel and that the magazine tube is free of obstructions. Lubricate the action with gun oil to ensure smooth operation.
Ejection Problems: Inspect the ejector and extractor for damage or wear. Replace these components if necessary. Ensure that the chamber is clean and free of debris.

Benefits of Swapping Barrels on Your Mossberg 590

The ability to perform a Mossberg 590 barrel swap offers several benefits:

Versatility: Customize your shotgun for different applications, such as home defense, hunting, or sport shooting.
Improved Performance: Optimize your shotgun for specific shooting distances and target types by selecting the appropriate barrel length and choke.
Cost-Effective: Instead of purchasing multiple shotguns, you can simply swap barrels to achieve different configurations.
Enhanced Customization: Personalize your shotgun to suit your individual preferences and shooting style.

Legal Considerations

Before performing a Mossberg 590 barrel swap, it’s important to be aware of any legal restrictions or regulations that may apply in your area. Some jurisdictions may have restrictions on barrel length or other modifications. Consult with local law enforcement or a qualified attorney to ensure that you are in compliance with all applicable laws.

Conclusion

Performing a Mossberg 590 barrel swap is a valuable skill for any shotgun enthusiast. By following the steps outlined in this guide and adhering to all safety precautions, you can easily customize your Mossberg 590 to suit your specific needs and preferences. The flexibility and adaptability offered by barrel swapping make the Mossberg 590 an even more versatile and valuable firearm. Remember to always prioritize safety and consult with a qualified gunsmith if you have any questions or concerns. This comprehensive guide has provided you with the knowledge to confidently approach a Mossberg 590 barrel swap and enhance your shooting experience. Consider exploring further resources like [See also: Mossberg 590 Accessories and Upgrades] and [See also: Maintaining Your Mossberg 590: A Cleaning Guide] to further enhance your knowledge and skills.